Coordination is cross-cutting and relevant for all preparedness components as well as to response and recovery (see further details in Phases 4 and 5). The concept of early warning − early action requires the coordination with actors involved in prevention.

Effective coordination mechanisms and communication strategies involve all stakeholders at all levels:

• Inter-ministerial coordination between national and local government agencies: e.g. periodically updating disaster preparedness plans to develop institutional structures with a legal mandate for post-disaster land-use and physical planning, ensuring that existing policies are in line with the weather-related risk identified in the risk and impact assessments.

• Private sector: e.g. for applying enhanced building codes, strengthening mobile technology for emergency events, training of staff members.

• Insurance industry: e.g. insurance providers, jointly with the MoF and regulators, could define scenarios for quick payouts after extreme weather events when infrastructure is damaged (for further details see 4.A Response with Various Relief Programmes); such a system could be integrated with response monitoring that measures who receives relief and recovery assistance, what assistance is delivered to them and what results are achieved.

• Civil society: e.g. linking NGO local preparedness plans with national government plans, spreading early warnings to communities.

• Communities: e.g. contributing to local preparedness plans, disseminating early warnings, participating in DRM activities.

• External actors such as international relief organizations and donors (see involved actors in the introduction of the ‘preparedness’ phase, above).

A clear understanding of roles and responsibilities enables all the actors to establish a working relationship and enhance the participation of all stakeholders at every level, particularly communities (see Box 13, below).

Box 13

Actor structure and responsibilities for ERP planning are:

• Led by a Resident/Humanitarian Coordinator.
• Managed by a Humanitarian Country Team.
• Supported by an inter-cluster/sector coordination group representing affected clusters/sectors.
• Implemented by a broad range of actors at the sub-national level, including civil society and the private sector.